OSI:- theoretical model, networking, how data packets are created and processed, used by TCP/IP. OSI open systems interconnection model. Physical layer: lowest, NIC, RJ45, physical medium data link layer:-data packet is converted into bits, mac address resides network layer:-One to another. routing, and logical addressing, IPv6, IPv4, error handling Transport Layer:-TCP and UDP exist establish connectivity between two machines Session Layer:-Establishes and terminates connection among computers, control session TCP/IP sessions presentation layer:-Data formatting, description, application layer:- application uses the protocol to use the data Unicasting, multicasting, broadcasting:- unicast from single user to another single user, one user multi-users, broadcast broadcast DNS:-Domain name system, cybersecurity.com--->it will be converted this address to the IP address done by the DNS server What us firewall:-Hardware or software which allows or black traffic....
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